ABSTRACT
To assess the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides, as well as the insecticide imidacloprid, both individually and in combination, the gills of adult zebrafish were used due to their intimate interaction with chemicals diluted in water. Bioassays were performed exposing the animals to the different pesticides and their mixture for 96 h. The behavior of the fish was analyzed, a histological examination of the gills was carried out, and the genotoxic effects were also analyzed by means of the comet assay (CA) and the change in the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathways of the oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. The length traveled and the average speed of the control fish, compared to those exposed to the pesticides and mainly those exposed to the mixture, were significantly greater. All the groups exposed individually exhibited a decrease in thigmotaxis time, indicating a reduction in the behavior of protecting themselves from predators. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the structures of the gill tissues. The quantification of the histological lesions showed mild lesions in the fish exposed to imidacloprid, moderate to severe lesions for glyphosate, and severe lesions in the case of 2,4-D and the mixture of pesticides. The CA revealed the sensitivity of gill cells to DNA damage following exposure to glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and the mixture. Finally, both genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway and those related to the cell apoptosis pathway were overexpressed, while the ogg1 gene, involved in DNA repair, was downregulated.
Subject(s)
Neonicotinoids , Nitro Compounds , Pesticides , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Pesticides/toxicity , Zebrafish/genetics , Zebrafish/metabolism , 60658 , DNA Damage , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Gills/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
Endocrine disruptors, such as estrogen, are chemical substances with the potential to alter the hormonal balance of organisms. Their origin can be natural or artificial, and they can act at very low doses. The estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is used worldwide as an oral contraceptive and is a potential contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. It is well documented that these environmental pollutants can act directly or indirectly on the reproductive system, impairing development and fertility. However, little is known about the alteration of the cell oxidative status induced by EE2. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the gill cells of adult zebrafish exposed in vivo to EE2, analyzing cell histology, DNA damage and the expression levels of genes encoding the main enzymes involved in oxidative stress pathways. The histological study showed that EE2 produces moderate to high damage to the gill tissue, an increase in gill cell DNA damage and the mRNA levels of the genes corresponding to the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-sod) and catalase (cat) after exposure to 5 ng/L EE2. The results indicate that EE2 causes tissue alterations, DNA damage and oxidative stress. EE2 produced important alterations in the gills, a fundamental organ for the survival of fish. There is a clear need for further research on the ecological consequences of EDCs on non-target organisms.
Subject(s)
Water Pollutants, Chemical , Zebrafish , Animals , Zebrafish/genetics , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Gills , Ecosystem , Ethinyl Estradiol/toxicity , Estrogens/pharmacology , DNA Damage , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicityABSTRACT
La frecuencia e incidencia de enfermedades renales en niños ha sido documentada, destacándose las disfunciones tubulares, acidosis tubular, insuficiencia renal crónica, litiasis renal, entre otras. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar los hallazgos bucales en niños de 1 a 13 años con enfermedad renal. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva con diseño transversal durante enero-abril de 2010, en el Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica de la Ciudad Hospitalaria "Dr. Enrique Tejera", en Valencia-Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, se evaluaron 50 pacientes con edad promedio 6.85 años, con diversas enfermedades renales, la mayoría con hipercalciuria (58%) y sin otro compromiso sistémico. Los hallazgos bucales encontrados fueron hipoplasias de esmalte 30%, caries dental 36%, retardo en la erupción 16%, maloclusiones 10% y lengua geográfica 6%; ningún paciente presentó cálculo dental. Un dato importante fue que 44% de los pacientes nunca habían asistido a consulta odontológica. Se concluye que los hallazgos bucales con mayor frecuencia encontrados en niños con enfermedad renal fueron hipoplasias del esmalte, caries dental y retardo en la erupción dentaria, destacándose el desinterés por parte de los pacientes a la consulta odontológica
The frequency and incidence of renal disease in children had been documented, highlighting tubular dysfunctions, tubular acidosis, renal insufficiency, renal lithiasis, among others. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the buccal findings in children of 1 to 13 years old with renal disease. The investigation was a descriptive type, in a transversal design during january-april of 2010, in the Pediatric Nephrologic Service of the Hospital City "Dr. Enrique Tejera", in Valencia, Carabobo State, Venezuela, there were 50 patients with a mean age 6.85 years old, with hypercalciuria in 56% with no other systemic disease. The buccal findings were enamel hypoplasia 30%, dental caries 36%, delay eruption 16%, maloclussion 10% and geographic tongue 6%; none of the patients presented dental calculus. An important data was that 44% of the patients never had assisted to a dental appointment. The conclusions of this study are that the buccal findings more seen in children with renal disease are enamel hypoplasias, dental caries and delay eruption, underlying the lack of interest of the patients to the dental consult
Subject(s)
Child , Child , Dental Caries , Dental Enamel/pathology , Kidney Diseases , Mouth Diseases , Tooth Eruption , DentistryABSTRACT
La frecuencia e incidencia de enfermedades renales en niños ha sido documentada, destacándose las disfunciones tubulares, acidosis tubular, insuficiencia renal crónica, litiasis renal, entre otras. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar los hallazgos bucales en niños de 1 a 13 años con enfermedad renal. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva con diseño transversal durante enero-abril de 2010, en el Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica de la Ciudad Hospitalaria "Dr. Enrique Tejera", en Valencia-Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, se evaluaron 50 pacientes con edad promedio 6.85 años, con diversas enfermedades renales, la mayoría con hipercalciuria (58%) y sin otro compromiso sistémico. Los hallazgos bucales encontrados fueron hipoplasias de esmalte 30%, caries dental 36%, retardo en la erupción 16%, maloclusiones 10% y lengua geográfica 6%; ningún paciente presentó cálculo dental. Un dato importante fue que 44% de los pacientes nunca habían asistido a consulta odontológica. Se concluye que los hallazgos bucales con mayor frecuencia encontrados en niños con enfermedad renal fueron hipoplasias del esmalte, caries dental y retardo en la erupción dentaria, destacándose el desinterés por parte de los pacientes a la consulta odontológica
The frequency and incidence of renal disease in children had been documented, highlighting tubular dysfunctions, tubular acidosis, renal insufficiency, renal lithiasis, among others. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the buccal findings in children of 1 to 13 years old with renal disease. The investigation was a descriptive type, in a transversal design during january-april of 2010, in the Pediatric Nephrologic Service of the Hospital City "Dr. Enrique Tejera", in Valencia, Carabobo State, Venezuela, there were 50 patients with a mean age 6.85 years old, with hypercalciuria in 56% with no other systemic disease. The buccal findings were enamel hypoplasia 30%, dental caries 36%, delay eruption 16%, maloclussion 10% and geographic tongue 6%; none of the patients presented dental calculus. An important data was that 44% of the patients never had assisted to a dental appointment. The conclusions of this study are that the buccal findings more seen in children with renal disease are enamel hypoplasias, dental caries and delay eruption, underlying the lack of interest of the patients to the dental consult
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dental Caries , Kidney Diseases , Mouth Diseases , Nephrolithiasis , Kidney/pathology , Tooth Eruption , DentistryABSTRACT
La influenza es una enfermedad aguda viral en las vías respiratorias altas capaz de provocar complicaciones potencialmente letales en pacientes ancianos. La vacunación anual es la intervención de salud más importante para reducir el impacto de la influenza. Existen diversos factores que influyen para la aceptación o rechazo de la aplicación de la vacuna. EI propósito de este estudio fue determinar las características de la población que acepta la vacuna de la influenza e identificar grupos de población que presentan riesgo, especialmente de no vacunarse en la comunidad de San Luis Tlaxialtemalco. EI estudio fue descriptivo y transversal. Con una muestra no probabilística y conformada por 48 personas de 60 y más años de edad. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada de 25 preguntas y diferentes escalas. En cuanto a los resultados, el 84.48% aceptó la aplicación de la vacuna de la influenza. EI 81 .3% desconoce la enfermedad de la influenza, el 77.1 % cree que la influenza es grave, el 64.6% desconocía la vacuna contra la influenza, el 97.9% cree que previene la influenza y el 85.4% cree que la vacuna no le ocasionara problemas. Los factores que influyeron para la aceptación de la vacuna y en cuanto a quien se la recomendó el 31.3% refieren que fue la Enfermera y al 43.8% nadie.
Influenza is a high respitatory tract viral accute disease able to bring about potentially fatal complications in elderly patients. Theannual vaccination is the most important health intervention for decreasing the flu impact. There are several factors influencing the vaccine aplication acceptance or rejection. This study aims determining characteristics of the population that accepts the influenza vaccine and identifying in-risk population groups in the event they don´t receive it within San Luis Tlaxialtemalco area. It was a descriptive transversal study witha no-probalistic sample including 48 people, 60or more years old. A strctured survey with 25 questions and different scales. Regarding outcomes, 84.48% accepted the influenza vaccine application. The 81.3% are not familiar with influenza disease, 77.1% believes the flu is grave, 64.6% is not familiar with the influenza vaccine, 97.9% believes they are taking preventive actions for the influenza, and 85.4% thinks the influenza caccine will not cause them any problems, which is influencing on the vaccine acceptance. Regarding the person who recommended them the influenza vaccine, 31.3% said was the nurse and 43.8% said nobody did.
